Hydrocarbon-oil burner



'i UNITED- STATES PATENT OFFICE.

orro'EwERT AND JOHN A, MEHLING, or cLEvELANDo1-no.

HYDROCARBON-OIL BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 417,479, dated December1*?, 1889. Application led March 6, 1889. Serial No. 302,194. (Nomodel.)

T all whom it may coz/Loewe:V

Be it known that we, OTTO EWERT and JOHN A. MEHLING, of Cleveland, inthe county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Oil Burners; and we do hereby declarethe following to bea full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable other's skilled in the art `to which itpertains to make and usethe same. Our invention relates to .improvementsin hydrocarbon-oil burners for heating; and it consists in certainfeatures of construction and in combination of parts hereinafterdescribed, and pointed out in the claims.

Our invention is designed as an improveinenton an oil-burner describedin United States Letters Patent No. 361,934, granted April 26, 1887, toOtto Ewert, one of the present applicants. The burner described inpatent aforesaid was quite satisfactory as regards the heat developed;but there were cer.- tain objectionable features, to wit: The wicktubebecameheated to such'a degree as to char the wick for some distancebelow the flame, in consequence of which the wick had frequently to betrimmed off an inch or two at a time; also, owing to the hightemperature of the wick-tube, a considerable quantity of the oil wasvaporized therein, and, although it is probable that more or less ofsuch vapor united with the iiame of the wick and was consumed, yet somuch of this vapor escaped at the junction of the chimney and wick-tubethat the odor thereof was extremely oensive; also, while the diaphragmof theinner perforated chimney-tube performed its function in causingthe upward current of air to pass into the flame, still the flame wouldassume a conical form above .the chimney, thus inclosing an air-spaceabove the diaphragm, and the air in such' space would from expansionfrom time to time burst through the sheet of flame and cold air from theoutside wouldy burst through the flame to supply the partial vacuum, andthe result of such disturbance in the iiame was disagreeable odors. Inview of these difficultieswe have devised the improved burnerillustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is an elevation in section throughthe centerof the burner. Fig. 3 is a detail hereinafter described.

The wick-tube is of the so called Argand variety, and is usually ofcast-iron, and h aving outer and inner annular wallsA A', integral atthebottom and inclosing an annular space for the wick, such space nearthe bottom being in open relation with the oil-supply-pipe A2. Toprevent the main or castiron portion of the wick-tube from becomingoverheated and charring the wick, we provide an extension thereofconsisting of inner and outer walls d a', preferably7 of thin sheetmetal, joined in any suitable manner, respectively, to the walls A A',so as to form tight joints. These extension-walls by reason oftheirbeing thin and exposed to the airdo not transmit much heat to thecast metal below. Walls a a are separated so far that the wick does notcome in contact therewith except at the upper part, where these walls ata2 are contracted to engage the wick just below the upper end thereof,and from thence wall Ct is iianged outward and wall a is flangedinward-that is to say, both walls diverge from the wick, as shown at a3,thus forming a broad base for the inner and outer chimneytubes B B torest on. These flanged sections co3 of the wick-tube extension areperforated,-

as shown at a4, for purposes hereinafter mentioned.

For supporting the wick walls d d may be lined with suitable materialthat is a poor conductor of heat-such, for instance, as asbestus o1'plaster-of-paris; or such lining may be omitted, leaving', as shown, anairchamber A3, through. which the wick passes, the wick being usuallystiff enough to support itself through such chamber, and in either case,by reason of the wick being in the main separated from walls a a', thewick is not charred except at or near the flame. With such constructionthe cast-iron portion of the wick-tube becomes only moderately heated,and consequently but little oil is va porized in the wick-tube. Vhatevervapor there may be that is generated in the wicktube it must pass up bythe side of the wick, and, however small in quantity such escaping vapormay be, some provision other than the wick-Haine must behad for burningthese vapors; otherwise the burner will emit a strong odor. To this endthe perforations a4 are made to admit air to eommingle with these vaporsand support combustion, these perforations bein0r located, as shown,below the end of the wick and in close proximity to where the wickprotrudes from the reduced section of the wick-tube extension and-closeto where such vapor escapes from the wick. The result is that smallglobules of flame are seen burning on the inside of the lianges atperforations a4 and no odor escapes, whereas if these perforations aretemporarily closed for a few minutes a strong odor is emitted, althoughsuch closing of these perforations at does not affect the flame of thewick, the latter being supplied with ail' admitted through theperfor-ations of the chimney.

The chimney consists of inner and outer perforated tubes B B aforesaid,the latter being detachably secured to the inner ange a3 by springs,substantially as ordinary lampchimneys are secured to the holder. Tube Bis permanently secured to ring b, the latter having dependingsteady-pins b', with a forked lever C for engaging these steady-pins forraising the tube B for purpose of lighting the burner, all of which aresubstantially as described in the patent aforesaid.

Heretofore, as described in the patent afore said,a diaphragm waslocated inside tube B', near the top of the latter, to prevent a currentof air from passing up through such tube and to deflect the air throughthe perforations of the tube into the flame. \Vith such construction thellame converged to a point some distance above the end of tube B', thusinclosing an air-space of conical shape above the diaphragm, and as theair was expanded by the dame jets of heated air would break through thedame and jets of cold air from the outside would break in through thedame and fill the partial vacuum. Such disturbance of the liame seemedto result in imperfect combustion; at least a perceptible odor wasemitted with each disturbance of the flame. To remedy this difficulty,we provide an extension or core Bl to fill the flame, such extensionbeing integral or detachably connected with tube B',- as the case maybe. This extension maybe solid or maybe a shell closed at the top incase no diaphragm is used, either of which will answer the purpose. Thiscore or flame-filler extends upward to such close proximity to thebottom of the vessel or whatever is to be heated that the ame does notconverge and inclose an airspace, but, on the contrary, spreads as itimpinges the article that is being heated, and the flame under suchcondition remains unbroken and odorless. ,Ve employ toothed wheels (notshown) mounted on spindle E for raising and lowering wick D, thisspindle passing out through a stuftingbox- 'lhehollow boss Av1 of thewick-tube, that incloses the feed-wheel, and at the e'nd thereof throughwhich the spindle passes, has aseries of holes a5 arranged in concentricorder with the spindle, these holes extending only part way through theend wall of the boss. A removable plug I is provided, the same beingadapted to fit the holes a5. SpindleE has a lateral pin c for engagingthe plug I, such engagelnent serving as a stop in raising the wick.After trimming the wick the latter is raised to the proper position forlighting and plug I is placed in the hole a next in advance of pin e,where it remains until the wick is again trimmed, and serves as a stop,so that on lighting the burner the wick is not raised too high. Thisadjustable plug, being outside and always accessible, is convenient ofmanipulation, and of course requiring no screw-driver or other tool.

This burner is more especially adapted to burn the heavier grade ofhydrocarbon oil known as kerosene "We will add that perforations a neednot be round holes, as small slits will answer the purpose.

That we claim isl. In a hydrocarbon-oil burner,4 awick-tube of theArgand variety having an upward eX- tension of thin metal, the inner andouter walls of the extension being separated from the wick except at ornear the burning-point of the wick, substantially as and for the pur.-pose set forth.

2. A wick-tube of the Argand variety, the same having an extensioninclosing an airchamber, through which the wick passes without contactwith the inclosing-Walls of such chamber, the latter being located belowand ext-ending to near the burning-point of the wick, substantially asset forth.

3. In a hydrocarbon-oil burner, a wick-tube of the Argand variety havingan upward extension, the walls thereof, near the upper end, beingcontracted to engage the wick, and above such contraction the wallsbeing flanged or ared away from the wick, such anges havin gperforations, substantially as set forth.

et. ln a hydrocarbon-oil burner, a wick-tube of thc Argand varietyhaving an upward extension, the inner and outer walls of the eX- tensionbeing separated from the wick except at or near the burning-point of thelatter,. where they are contracted to engage the wick, the said tubebeing perforated at points above the contracted portion thereof,substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with the burner and spindle for moving the wick,substantially as IOC indicated, and a hollow boss in which the f spindleis supported. the said boss having a LIL series of holes in concentricorder with the spindle, of a movable plug adapted to fit the respectiveholes and a lateral pin projecting from the spindle foi1 engaging suchplug to serve as a stopin moving Jthe wick, subst-antially as set forth.

